今年“十一”假期，電動汽車充電難的問題引起了社會和輿論的廣泛關注：有車主在高速服務區為充上1小時的電，花費了長達4個小時來排隊;有車主怕自己正在使用的充電樁被(bei)別(bie)人“插(cha)隊”，苦(ku)苦(ku)守候(hou)連(lian)衛(wei)生(sheng)間都不敢上(shang);還(huan)有車(che)(che)主(zhu)甚至為了搶(qiang)充電樁(zhuang)大打出手(shou)，視頻被(bei)放到了網(wang)上(shang)……國(guo)家(jia)電網(wang)智(zhi)慧車(che)(che)聯網(wang)平臺高速(su)公路充電熱力圖(tu)顯示，國(guo)慶假(jia)期有409個(ge)充電站(zhan)出現了排隊，占全部高速(su)公路站(zhan)點的18%，與2020年(nian)國(guo)慶假(jia)期相比(bi)，數量增長了60%。也就是說，差不多每5個(ge)高速(su)充電站(zhan)就有1個(ge)在排隊。

在電(dian)動汽車成(cheng)為越來越多消(xiao)費者選擇的當下(xia)，呼吁車主不要開電(dian)動汽車進行長途自駕游(you)顯然不太現實(shi)，那么(me)(me)，有什么(me)(me)好辦(ban)法可(ke)以緩解(jie)日(ri)益(yi)突(tu)出的充電(dian)焦慮(lv)呢?

建(jian)設更多的快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)樁(zhuang)自然是途徑之一(yi)。交通運輸部副(fu)部長王(wang)志清近日表示，到2025年，中國高(gao)(gao)速公路的快(kuai)(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)覆(fu)蓋(gai)率要達到80%。通過大幅(fu)縮短(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，能在減少(shao)車(che)主等候(hou)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的同時(shi)(shi)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的使用效率。但不(bu)容(rong)忽視(shi)的是，一(yi)方(fang)面，頻(pin)繁使用快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)會對電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)的電(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命造成一(yi)定(ding)影響(xiang);另一(yi)方(fang)面，快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)樁(zhuang)的建(jian)設成本(ben)更高(gao)(gao)，除了小長假(jia)這些特殊時(shi)(shi)期(qi)外，更多時(shi)(shi)候(hou)處于(yu)閑置(zhi)狀態(tai)，只有運營車(che)輛和少(shao)量私家車(che)主偶爾使用，對于(yu)運營商來說并不(bu)劃算。

此外，還需提升(sheng)充(chong)電(dian)樁的健(jian)康運營水平。據悉，在(zai)“十一(yi)”長(chang)假(jia)期間(jian)，發現部分高速公路服(fu)務(wu)區的充(chong)電(dian)樁存在(zai)設備故障沒有及(ji)時維(wei)修(xiu)、APP顯示充(chong)電(dian)樁個數與實際(ji)不符等(deng)問(wen)(wen)題，進一(yi)步加劇了充(chong)電(dian)難的問(wen)(wen)題。只有經常(chang)對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)樁進行“體檢”，才能(neng)更好地(di)發揮充(chong)電(dian)樁的作用，否則(ze)就(jiu)中(zhong)看(kan)中(zhong)不用，成了“僵尸樁”，浪(lang)費(fei)了資源。

提高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)池續駛(shi)里程(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)是有(you)(you)效舉措(cuo)之一。有(you)(you)專(zhuan)家認為(wei)，即(ji)便(bian)是在長途(tu)旅行(xing)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，也(ye)很少有(you)(you)私家車(che)(che)(che)一天的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)會超過1000公里，因此(ci)只(zhi)(zhi)要將電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)續駛(shi)里程(cheng)(cheng)提高(gao)(gao)到(dao)1000公里就能有(you)(you)效緩(huan)解充電(dian)(dian)焦慮(lv)。但更長的(de)(de)(de)(de)續駛(shi)里程(cheng)(cheng)意味著更高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價格，如果消費者日常行(xing)駛(shi)里程(cheng)(cheng)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)100～200公里，只(zhi)(zhi)是在一年中會有(you)(you)幾(ji)次(ci)長途(tu)自駕游，未必(bi)愿意花(hua)大(da)價錢購買超長續駛(shi)里程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)。

其實，想要(yao)(yao)緩解(jie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)焦(jiao)慮，還有一(yi)個解(jie)決之道，那就(jiu)是私樁(zhuang)(zhuang)共享。把(ba)小長假期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)大(da)量閑(xian)置(zhi)的(de)非公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)起(qi)來，不(bu)僅可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)節約建(jian)設公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本，而且可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)大(da)大(da)提高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)率。首先，十一(yi)長假期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)，不(bu)少人(ren)(ren)(ren)都選擇了(le)自(zi)駕(jia)旅(lv)游，必然有部分私人(ren)(ren)(ren)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)處于(yu)閑(xian)置(zhi)狀(zhuang)態，如(ru)果能夠開放給其他私家(jia)車主(zhu)，就(jiu)無需都去高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路上排隊了(le);其次，對(dui)于(yu)一(yi)些(xie)有條件的(de)企業和辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園區來說，長假期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)無人(ren)(ren)(ren)辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，如(ru)果能將公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)和園區內部的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)共享給有需要(yao)(yao)的(de)私家(jia)車主(zhu)，也能在一(yi)定程度上起(qi)到(dao)緩解(jie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)焦(jiao)慮的(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong);第三，大(da)部分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)都是工業電(dian)(dian)(dian)價，如(ru)果需要(yao)(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)車主(zhu)能夠使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)私人(ren)(ren)(ren)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，享受到(dao)民用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價，再貼補(bu)一(yi)部分費用(yong)(yong)(yong)給樁(zhuang)(zhuang)主(zhu)，既(ji)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)節約充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)者(zhe)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)擁(yong)有者(zhe)也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過分享獲得收益，一(yi)舉兩得。

據了解，不少車(che)企和(he)樁企都正在(zai)進行(xing)相(xiang)關探(tan)索和(he)實踐，例如廣汽埃(ai)安發(fa)布(bu)了私(si)用樁共(gong)享平臺，星星充(chong)電面向全(quan)國招募共(gong)享樁主，參與者(zhe)正在(zai)逐漸增加(jia)。根(gen)據中國電動汽車(che)充(chong)電基礎(chu)設施促進聯盟發(fa)布(bu)的(de)數據，截止(zhi)到今(jin)年9月，聯盟所統(tong)計的(de)共(gong)享私(si)樁數量已經達(da)到了68476臺。

當然，目(mu)前私樁共(gong)享也還存(cun)在不少問題需(xu)(xu)要(yao)解(jie)決，例如需(xu)(xu)要(yao)調動(dong)社區物(wu)業的(de)積極性(xing)、采用有序(xu)充(chong)(chong)電技術、引入保(bao)險機制來(lai)避(bi)免(mian)設備損(sun)壞糾(jiu)紛(fen)，以及構建合理的(de)費用機制來(lai)提高共(gong)享的(de)主動(dong)性(xing)等。如果私樁共(gong)享模式能夠逐漸推廣并發展成(cheng)熟(shu)，相信能成(cheng)為公共(gong)充(chong)(chong)電樁的(de)有益補充(chong)(chong)，有效(xiao)緩解(jie)充(chong)(chong)電焦慮。